![]() ![]() Musk, An integrated brain-machine interface platform with thousands of channels. Huang, Determination of dopamine using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid decorated with molybdenum disulfide flowers. Liu et al., A mesoscopic platinized graphite/carbon black counter electrode for a highly efficient monolithic dye-sensitized solar cell. Fang, Flexible carbon nanotubes electrode for neural recording. Lee, An electrochemical impedance biosensor with aptamer-modified pyrolyzed carbon electrode for label-free protein detection. Kuzum et al., Transparent and flexible low noise graphene electrodes for simultaneous electrophysiology and neuroimaging. ![]() Ojemann, Direct electrical stimulation of the somatosensory cortex in humans using electrocorticography electrodes: A qualitative and quantitative report. Kassegne, DNA immobilization on high aspect ratio glassy carbon (GC-MEMS) microelectrodes for bionanoelectronics applications. ![]() Prabha, Recent advances in carbon nanotube based electrochemical biosensors. ![]() Hanein, All-carbon-nanotube flexible multi-electrode array for neuronal recording and stimulation. Cogan, Neural stimulation and recording electrodes. Wu, Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials. Downard, Electrochemical and atomic force microscopy study of carbon surface modification via diazonium reduction in aqueous and acetonitrile solutions. Ayranci, Biosensor application of screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with nanomaterials and a conducting polymer: Ethanol biosensors based on alcohol dehydrogenase. Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh, Glassy carbon electrode modified with 3D graphene–carbon nanotube network for sensitive electrochemical determination of methotrexate. Wicker, Stereolithography of spatially controlled multi-material bioactive poly (ethylene glycol) scaffolds. Tirado, Carbon black: A promising electrode material for sodium-ion batteries. Madrakian, Gold nanoparticle/multi-walled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode as a sensitive voltammetric sensor for the determination of diclofenac sodium. The proposed fabrication method of glassy carbon electrodes provides a novel approach to manufacture penetrating electrodes for nerve interfaces in biomedical engineering and microelectromechanical systems.Ī. The signal-to-noise ratio of the carbon electrodes is 50.73 ± 6.11, which is higher than that of the Pt electrode (20.15 ± 5.32) under the same testing conditions. The carbon electrodes were tested in vivo, and they showed excellent performance in neural signal recording. The specific capacitance of the glassy carbon arrays is higher than that of a platinum electrode (9.18 mF/cm 2 vs 3.32 mF/cm 2, respectively), and the impedance at 1 kHz is lower (7.1 kΩ vs 8.8 kΩ). The height of the carbon electrodes is 1.5 mm, and the exposure area of the tips is 0.78 mm 2, which is convenient for the implantation procedure. The proposed fabrication method simplifies the manufacturing process of carbon materials, and electrodes can be fabricated without the need of deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). Finally, the glassy carbon electrodes are packed with conductive wires and PDMS. Next, chemical pyrolysis is applied to convert the 3D prints into glassy carbon electrodes and modify the electrochemical performance of the carbon electrodes. A pretreated Si wafer is used as the substrate for 3D printing, and then, stereolithography 3D printing technology is employed to print photosensitive resin into a cone shape. The carbon electrodes have excellent biological compatibility and can be used in neural signal recording. This paper presents a fabrication method for glassy carbon neural electrode arrays that combines 3D printing and chemical pyrolysis technology. ![]()
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